{"id":3230,"date":"2025-05-15T11:51:51","date_gmt":"2025-05-15T09:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/?p=3230"},"modified":"2025-05-15T11:51:53","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T09:51:53","slug":"sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/","title":{"rendered":"SD-Access under the hood; Locator\/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Header2-1-e1734382233951.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3049 size-full\" style=\"width: 840px; height: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Header2-1-e1734382233951.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1003\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Header2-1-e1734382233951.png 1003w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Header2-1-e1734382233951-300x123.png 300w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Header2-1-e1734382233951-768x314.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1003px) 100vw, 1003px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#SD-Access_under_the_hood_LocatorID_Separation_Protocol_LISP\" >SD-Access under the hood; Locator\/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#LISP_Fundamentals\" >LISP Fundamentals<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Tunnel_Routers\" >Tunnel Routers<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Ingress_Tunnel_Router_ITR\" >Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Egress_Tunnel_Router_ETR\" >Egress Tunnel Router (ETR)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Tunnel_Routers_Configuration\" >Tunnel Routers Configuration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#LISP_Inter-site_communication\" >LISP Inter-site communication<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#LISP_IPv4-in-IPv4_Header\" >LISP IPv4-in-IPv4 Header\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#LISP_Packet_Capture\" >LISP Packet Capture<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Proxy_Tunnel_Routers\" >Proxy Tunnel Routers<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Proxy_Ingress_Tunnel_Router_PITR\" >Proxy Ingress Tunnel Router (PITR)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Proxy_Egress_Tunnel_Router_PETR\" >Proxy Egress Tunnel Router (PETR)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#LISP_Mapping_EID-to-RLOC\" >LISP Mapping (EID-to-RLOC)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Map_Server_MS\" >Map Server (MS)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Map_Resolver_MR\" >Map Resolver (MR)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#LISP_in_SD-Access\" >LISP in SD-Access<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Edge_Node_ITRETR\" >Edge Node (ITR\/ETR)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Border_Node_PETRPITR\" >Border Node (PETR\/PITR)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#Control_Plane_Node_MSMR\" >Control Plane Node (MS\/MR)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/15\/sd-access-under-the-hood-locator-id-separation-protocol-lisp\/#LISP_Troubleshooting\" >LISP Troubleshooting<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SD-Access_under_the_hood_LocatorID_Separation_Protocol_LISP\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">SD-Access under the hood; Locator\/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<hr>\n<p data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"580\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">When <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">it <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">comes <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to Cisco&#8217;s <\/span><strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">software-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">defined <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">access (<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">SD-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Access), <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">one <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">of <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">key <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">technologies <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">working <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">behind <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">scenes <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Locator\/<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">ID <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Separation <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\"><strong>Protocol<\/strong> (LISP). <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">At <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">first <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">glance, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">might <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">seem <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">like <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">just <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">another <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">routing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">protocol, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">but <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">it <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">plays <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">much <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">bigger <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">role. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">It <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">fundamentally <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">changes <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">how <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">network <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">addressing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">works <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">by <\/span><strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">decoupling <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">identity <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">from <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\"><strong>location<\/strong>. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">This <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">separation <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">especially <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">important <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">in <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">SD-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Access <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">environments, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">where <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">flexibility, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">scalability, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">mobility <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">are <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">critical.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"917\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">In <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">this <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">article, I will<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">break <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">down the funadementals of <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">core <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">components <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">that <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">make <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">up <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">its <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">architecture, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">how <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">it <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">fits <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">into <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">SD-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Access <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">framework. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Whether <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">you&#8217;re <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">managing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">campus <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">networks <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">or <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">diving <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">into <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">next-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">gen <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">network <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">design, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">understanding <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">essential <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">grasp <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">how <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">SD-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Access <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">delivers <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">secure, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">automated, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">policy-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">driven <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">access.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LISP_Fundamentals\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\">LISP Fundamentals<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em><strong>Logical View;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Topology-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3285 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Topology-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"770\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Topology-1.png 770w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Topology-1-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Topology-1-768x544.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"333\"><em><strong>Phyical view;<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"333\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lab.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3333 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lab-1024x585.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lab-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lab-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lab-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lab-1536x877.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Lab-2048x1170.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"333\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"333\"><strong data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"204\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">as <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">defined <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">in <a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc6830\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RFC6830<\/a><\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">routing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">addressing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">architecture <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">for <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">IP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">networks.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">It <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">was <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">built <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">address <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">key <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">challenges <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">such <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">as <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">routing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">scalability, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">multihoming, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">traffic <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">engineering <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">across <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">sites, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">mobility.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<pre class=\"newpage\"><em><strong>  Creation of LISP was initially motivated by discussions during the\n   IAB-sponsored Routing and Addressing Workshop held in Amsterdam in\n   October 2006 (see [<a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc4984\" data-bs-original-title=\"&quot;Report from the IAB Workshop on Routing and Addressing&quot;\">RFC4984<\/a>]).  A key conclusion of the workshop was\n   that the Internet routing and addressing system was not scaling well\n   in the face of the explosive growth of new sites; one reason for this\n   poor scaling is the increasing number of multihomed sites and other\n   sites that cannot be addressed as part of topology-based or provider-\n   based aggregated prefixes.  Additional work that more completely\n   describes the problem statement may be found in [<a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc6830#ref-RADIR\" data-bs-original-title=\"&quot;On the Scalability of Internet Routing&quot;\">RADIR<\/a>].<br>https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc6830<br><br><\/strong><\/em><\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"333\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">Given <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">depth <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">of <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">LISP, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">this <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">post <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">will <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">focus <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">on <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">high-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">level <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">summary <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">of <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">its <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">core <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">components.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"335\" data-end=\"607\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Today\u2019s <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">IP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">addressing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">system <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">ties <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">together <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">two <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">things: <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">where <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">device <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">its <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">location <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">in <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">network) <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">what <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">it <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">its <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">identity). <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">This <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">true <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">whether <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">it&#8217;s <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><em><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">32-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">bit <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">IPv4 <\/span><\/em><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">or <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><em><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">128-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">bit <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">IPv6 <\/span><\/em><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\"><em>address<\/em>. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">changes <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">that. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Its <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">core <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">idea <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">separate <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">identity <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">from <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">location.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"799\"><strong data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"688\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">With <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">device\u2019s <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">identity <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">stays <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">same <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">even <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">if <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">its <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">location <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">changes.<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">In <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">other <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">words, \u201c<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">who <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">you <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">are\u201d (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">your <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">identifier) <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">doesn\u2019t <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">change, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">even <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">when \u201c<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">where <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">you <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">are\u201d (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">your <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">locator) <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">does.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"857\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">achieves <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">this <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">by <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">dividing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">addresses <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">into <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">two <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">roles:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"857\"><strong style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\" data-start=\"860\" data-end=\"892\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Endpoint <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Identifiers (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">EIDs):<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">These <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">represent <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">identity <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">of <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\" style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">device.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"857\"><strong data-start=\"939\" data-end=\"968\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Routing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Locators (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">RLOCs):<\/span><\/strong> <span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">These <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">describe <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">device\u2019s <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">position <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">in <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">network <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">topology.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1032\" data-end=\"1125\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">To <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">understand <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">how <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">separates <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">identity <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">from <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">location, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">it&#8217;s <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">important <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">know <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">main <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">components <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">that <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">make <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">architecture <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">work. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Each <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">plays <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">specific <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">role <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">in <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">how <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">traffic <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">routed <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">across <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">non-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">environments;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1032\" data-end=\"1125\">Tunnel Routers<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1032\" data-end=\"1125\">Proxy Tunnel Routers<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1032\" data-end=\"1125\">Map Server<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1032\" data-end=\"1125\">Map Resolver<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tunnel_Routers\"><\/span>Tunnel Routers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/xTR-3.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3336 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/xTR-3-1024x393.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/xTR-3-1024x393.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/xTR-3-300x115.png 300w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/xTR-3-768x294.png 768w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/xTR-3.png 1033w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"447\" data-end=\"483\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ingress_Tunnel_Router_ITR\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #6a00ff;\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Ingress <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Tunnel <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Router (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">ITR)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"484\" data-end=\"797\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">The <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">ITR <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">sits <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">at <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">edge <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">of <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">site <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">handles <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">outbound <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">traffic. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">It <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">takes <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">packets <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">from <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">local <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">devices, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">looks <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">up <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">where <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">destination <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">EID <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">lives, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">encapsulates <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">traffic <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">with <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">correct <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">routing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">locator (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">RLOC). <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">If <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">destination <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">non-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">site, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">it <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">forwards <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">packets <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">natively <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">without <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">encapsulation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"834\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Egress_Tunnel_Router_ETR\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #d80073;\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Egress <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Tunnel <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Router (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">ETR)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"835\" data-end=\"1015\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">The <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">ETR <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">does <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">opposite. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">It <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">receives <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">incoming <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">encapsulated <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">packets <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">from <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">other <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">sites, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">strips <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">outer <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">header, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">forwards <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">original <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">packet <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">correct <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">local <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">endpoint.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tunnel_Routers_Configuration\"><\/span>Tunnel Routers Configuration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.75rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"SITE01: \n\nrouter lisp\n site 01\n  eid-prefix 10.0.1.0\/24 accept-more-specifics\n  exit\n !\n database-mapping 10.0.1.0\/24 100.64.10.1 priority 1 weight 50\n ipv4 itr map-resolver 100.100.100.100\n ipv4 itr\n ipv4 etr map-server 100.100.100.100 key LISPPASSWORD\n ipv4 etr\n exit\n \nSite01#sh ip int brief\nInterface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol\nGigabitEthernet0\/0         100.64.10.1     YES manual up                    up\nGigabitEthernet0\/1         unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down\nGigabitEthernet0\/2         unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down\nGigabitEthernet0\/3         10.0.1.1        YES manual up                    up\nLISP0                      10.0.1.1        YES unset  up                    up\nLoopback0                  1.1.1.1         YES manual up                    up\n\n\" style=\"color:#F8F8F2;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M4.5 12.75l6 6 9-13.5\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M16.5 8.25V6a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25-2.25H6A2.25 2.25 0 003.75 6v8.25A2.25 2.25 0 006 16.5h2.25m8.25-8.25H18a2.25 2.25 0 012.25 2.25V18A2.25 2.25 0 0118 20.25h-7.5A2.25 2.25 0 018.25 18v-1.5m8.25-8.25h-6a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25 2.25v6\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dracula\" style=\"background-color: #282A36\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">SITE01: <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">router lisp<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> site <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">01<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  eid<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">prefix <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">24<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> accept<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">more<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">specifics<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">exit<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> !<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> database<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">mapping <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">24<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.64<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> priority <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> weight <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">50<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> ipv4 itr map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">resolver <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> ipv4 itr<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> ipv4 etr map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">server <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> key LISPPASSWORD<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> ipv4 etr<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">exit<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Site01#sh ip int brief<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Interface                  IP<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">GigabitEthernet0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">         <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.64<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     YES manual up                    up<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">GigabitEthernet0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">         unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">GigabitEthernet0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">         unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">GigabitEthernet0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">         <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">        YES manual up                    up<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">LISP0                      <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">        YES unset  up                    up<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Loopback0                  <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">         YES manual up                    up<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.75rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"SITE02: \n\nrouter lisp\n site 02\n  eid-prefix 10.0.2.0\/24 accept-more-specifics\n  exit\n !\n database-mapping 10.0.2.0\/24 100.64.20.1 priority 1 weight 50\n ipv4 itr map-resolver 100.100.100.100\n ipv4 itr\n ipv4 etr map-server 100.100.100.100 key LISPPASSWORD\n ipv4 etr\n exit\n\n \nInterface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol\nGigabitEthernet0\/0         unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down\nGigabitEthernet0\/1         100.64.20.1     YES manual up                    up\nGigabitEthernet0\/2         unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down\nGigabitEthernet0\/3         10.0.2.1        YES manual up                    up\nLISP0                      10.0.2.1        YES unset  up                    up\nLoopback0                  2.2.2.2         YES manual up                    up\n\n\" style=\"color:#F8F8F2;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M4.5 12.75l6 6 9-13.5\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M16.5 8.25V6a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25-2.25H6A2.25 2.25 0 003.75 6v8.25A2.25 2.25 0 006 16.5h2.25m8.25-8.25H18a2.25 2.25 0 012.25 2.25V18A2.25 2.25 0 0118 20.25h-7.5A2.25 2.25 0 018.25 18v-1.5m8.25-8.25h-6a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25 2.25v6\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dracula\" style=\"background-color: #282A36\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">SITE02: <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">router lisp<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> site <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">02<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  eid<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">prefix <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">24<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> accept<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">more<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">specifics<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">exit<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> !<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> database<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">mapping <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">24<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.64<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">20.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> priority <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> weight <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">50<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> ipv4 itr map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">resolver <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> ipv4 itr<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> ipv4 etr map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">server <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> key LISPPASSWORD<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> ipv4 etr<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">exit<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Interface                  IP<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">GigabitEthernet0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">         unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">GigabitEthernet0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">         <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.64<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">20.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">     YES manual up                    up<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">GigabitEthernet0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">         unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">GigabitEthernet0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">         <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">        YES manual up                    up<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">LISP0                      <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">        YES unset  up                    up<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Loopback0                  <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2.2<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2.2<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">         YES manual up                    up<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LISP_Inter-site_communication\"><\/span>LISP Inter-site communication<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>When I ping from <strong data-start=\"17\" data-end=\"32\">LISP SITE01<\/strong> to <strong data-start=\"36\" data-end=\"51\">LISP SITE02<\/strong>, the IP packet is encapsulated using LISP tunneling. This encapsulation allows the original packet, with the source and destination EIDs, to be carried across the underlying IP network using RLOCs. The expected structure of the LISP-encapsulated packet includes an outer IP header with the source RLOC of SITE01 and the destination RLOC of SITE02, followed by a UDP header (typically using port 4341), the LISP header, and finally the original inner IP packet containing the source EID from SITE01 and the destination EID from SITE02.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LISP_IPv4-in-IPv4_Header\"><\/span>LISP IPv4-in-IPv4 Header\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>In the LISP IPv4-in-IPv4 encapsulation format, both the Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs) and Routing Locators (RLOCs) use IPv4 addresses. The encapsulated packet includes an outer IPv4 header for RLOC-to-RLOC transport and an inner IPv4 header for EID-to-EID communication. The header structure for this type of encapsulation is defined in <a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc6830#section-5.1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RFC 6830<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Header-1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3348 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Header-1-1024x788.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Header-1-1024x788.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Header-1-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Header-1-768x591.png 768w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Header-1.png 1041w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LISP_Packet_Capture\"><\/span>LISP Packet Capture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PacketCapture.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3341 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PacketCapture-1024x520.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PacketCapture-1024x520.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PacketCapture-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PacketCapture-768x390.png 768w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PacketCapture-1536x780.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PacketCapture-2048x1040.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1811\" data-end=\"2035\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"252\">In a packet capture of LISP-encapsulated traffic between two LISP sites, you can clearly see the layered structure of the encapsulated packet, including the <strong data-start=\"157\" data-end=\"172\">LISP header<\/strong>, which plays a critical role in identifying and handling the tunneled traffic.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"254\" data-end=\"659\">The packet begins with an <strong data-start=\"280\" data-end=\"299\">outer IP header<\/strong>, where the source and destination IPs are the RLOCs (Routing Locators) of the ingress and egress LISP routers. This is followed by a <strong data-start=\"433\" data-end=\"447\">UDP header<\/strong>, with source and destination ports typically set to <strong data-start=\"500\" data-end=\"508\">4341<\/strong> (LISP data port). Directly after the UDP header is the <strong data-start=\"564\" data-end=\"579\">LISP header<\/strong>, a small but crucial section that adds metadata for the LISP tunneling process.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"729\">The LISP header is <strong data-start=\"680\" data-end=\"691\">8 bytes<\/strong> long and contains several key fields:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"729\"><strong style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\" data-start=\"732\" data-end=\"757\">N bit (Nonce Present)<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">: Indicates if a nonce is included for loop detection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"729\"><strong style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\" data-start=\"814\" data-end=\"853\">L bit (Locator-Status-Bits Present)<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">: Shows whether locator status bits are present.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"729\"><strong style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\" data-start=\"904\" data-end=\"934\">E bit (Echo-Nonce-Request)<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\"> and <\/span><strong style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\" data-start=\"939\" data-end=\"967\">V bit (Echo-Nonce-Reply)<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">: Used for control and diagnostics.<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"729\"><strong style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\" data-start=\"1005\" data-end=\"1026\">Instance ID field<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\"> (last 24 bits): Identifies the LISP instance (similar to VRF or VNID) the packet belongs to\u2014this is important in SD-Access for enforcing segmentation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1179\" data-end=\"1436\">Following the LISP header is the <strong data-start=\"1212\" data-end=\"1240\">original inner IP packet<\/strong>, with the EID-to-EID communication between the endpoints. This structure allows routers to forward traffic based on RLOCs while preserving the endpoint identities inside the encapsulated payload.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1438\" data-end=\"1680\">In Wireshark or other packet analysis tools, the LISP header will appear as part of a UDP datagram and is typically decoded with these fields exposed, making it easy to verify correct encapsulation and routing behavior across the LISP fabric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proxy_Tunnel_Routers\"><\/span>Proxy Tunnel Routers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Proxy <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Tunnel <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Routers <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">make <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><strong data-start=\"1232\" data-end=\"1279\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">interoperable <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">with <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">rest <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">of <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the network.<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">They <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">prevent <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">need <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">for <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">every <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">site <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">be <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">aware <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">while <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">still <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">gaining <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">benefits <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">of <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">like <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">scalable <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">routing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">mobility) <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">within <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">domain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PxTR-1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3283 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PxTR-1-1024x434.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PxTR-1-1024x434.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PxTR-1-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PxTR-1-768x326.png 768w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/PxTR-1.png 1033w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1060\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proxy_Ingress_Tunnel_Router_PITR\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1022\" data-end=\"1060\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Proxy <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Ingress <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Tunnel <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Router (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">PITR)<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1061\" data-end=\"1254\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">The <\/span><strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">PITR <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">bridge <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">for <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">non-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">sites. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">It&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">accepts <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">packets <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">from <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">outside <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">domain, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">encapsulates <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">them, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">sends <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">them <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">into <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">network <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">when <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">needed\u2014<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">or <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">forwards <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">them <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">natively <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">when <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">not.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1256\" data-end=\"1298\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proxy_Egress_Tunnel_Router_PETR\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1261\" data-end=\"1298\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Proxy <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Egress <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Tunnel <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Router (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">PETR)<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1299\" data-end=\"1470\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">A <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\"><strong>PETR<\/strong> <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">handles <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">traffic <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">flowing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">out <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">of <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">domain <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">destinations <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">that <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">don\u2019t <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">support <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">It <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">decapsulates <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">packets <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">from <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">sites <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">forwards <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">them <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">non-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">sites.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1496\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LISP_Mapping_EID-to-RLOC\"><\/span>LISP Mapping (EID-to-RLOC)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/MSMR.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3275 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/MSMR-1024x485.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/MSMR-1024x485.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/MSMR-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/MSMR-768x364.png 768w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/MSMR.png 1033w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1496\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Map_Server_MS\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1477\" data-end=\"1496\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Map <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Server (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">MS)<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1497\" data-end=\"1782\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">The <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Map <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Server <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">where <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">sites <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">register <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">their <\/span><strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">EID-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to-<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\"><strong>RLOC<\/strong> <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">mappings. Egress Tunnel Routers (ETRs) register their EID-to-RLOC mappings with the MS. The MS stores this mapping information and ensures only authorized devices can register, enforcing policy and security.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"1784\" data-end=\"1810\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Map_Resolver_MR\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"1789\" data-end=\"1810\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Map <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Resolver (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">MR)<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1811\" data-end=\"2035\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">The <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Map <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Resolver<\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">lookup <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">engine <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">for <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Ingress <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Tunnel <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Routers (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">ITRs). <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">When <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">an <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">ITR <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">needs <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">send <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">traffic <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">destination <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">EID, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">it <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">queries <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">MR <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">to <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">find <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">associated <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">RLOC. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">The <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">MR <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">forwards <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">this <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">request <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">through <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">mapping <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">system (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">like <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">DDT <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">or <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">ALT) <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">returns <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">correct <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">mapping.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-start=\"1811\" data-end=\"2035\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LISP_in_SD-Access\"><\/span>LISP in SD-Access<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">At <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">heart <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">of <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the SD-Access <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">architecture <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">lies <\/span><strong data-start=\"406\" data-end=\"447\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">which functions as the control plane. It<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">plays <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">foundational <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">role <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">in <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">how <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">SD-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Access <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">handles <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">routing, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">mobility, <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">segmentation. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Understanding <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">how <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">fits <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">into <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">SD-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Access <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">means <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">breaking <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">down <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">protocol\u2019s <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">core <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">components <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">and <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">seeing <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">how <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">each <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">is <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">used <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">in <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">the <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">fabric <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">infrastructure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1419\" data-end=\"1573\"><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">SD-<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Access <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">uses <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">differently <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">from <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">generic <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">deployments. <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">The <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">roles <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">of <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">LISP <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">components <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">are <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">embedded <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">within <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">fabric <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">nodes <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">that <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">each <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">have <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">a <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">specific <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">purpose. In this diagram I have placed the LISP components in an SD-Access topology;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1575\" data-end=\"1608\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/SDA.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3289 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/SDA.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"752\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/SDA.png 752w, https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/SDA-300x196.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 752px) 100vw, 752px\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Edge_Node_ITRETR\"><\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Edge <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Node (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">ITR\/<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">ETR)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"516\">An edge node in SD-Access is the primary point where endpoints\u2014such as user devices, printers, or IoT equipment\u2014connect to the fabric. It plays a critical role in identifying and authenticating these endpoints, assigning them to the correct virtual network or segment, and enforcing policies defined by the network controller. The edge node tags the traffic with relevant information (such as SGTs and VNIs) and ensures that all communication within the fabric adheres to the defined security and segmentation rules.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"518\" data-end=\"1223\">In terms of LISP functionality, the edge node operates as both an Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR) and Egress Tunnel Router (ETR). As an ITR, it encapsulates packets from locally attached endpoints using their Endpoint Identifier (EID) and forwards them toward the appropriate Routing Locator (RLOC) destinations within or outside the fabric. As an ETR, it receives LISP-encapsulated traffic from other nodes, decapsulates it, and delivers it to the intended EID inside its local domain. The edge node is also the point where EIDs are registered into the LISP mapping system, effectively linking endpoint identity with location and enabling seamless mobility and policy enforcement across the SD-Access fabric.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 data-start=\"2106\" data-end=\"2136\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Border_Node_PETRPITR\"><\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Border <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Node (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">PETR\/<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">PITR)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"562\">A border node in SD-Access is the connection point between the fabric and external networks such as the internet, data centers, or legacy infrastructure. Its primary role is to route traffic in and out of the fabric while preserving the segmentation and policy enforcement defined within the SD-Access domain. It also handles translation between fabric encapsulated traffic (VXLAN with LISP control plane) and traditional IP routing used outside the fabric, ensuring secure and policy-compliant communication between internal endpoints and external destinations.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"564\" data-end=\"1216\">In terms of LISP functionality, the border node acts as a <strong>Proxy Ingress Tunnel Router (PITR) and Proxy Egress Tunnel Router (PETR)<\/strong>. As a PITR, it receives traffic from non-LISP-aware external sources and encapsulates it with LISP headers to forward it into the fabric, ensuring it reaches the correct Endpoint Identifier (EID). As a PETR, it receives LISP-encapsulated traffic from within the fabric and decapsulates it before routing it toward external, non-LISP destinations. This proxy functionality allows seamless interoperability between LISP-enabled fabric networks and traditional IP networks without requiring LISP support on external devices.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2631\" data-end=\"2664\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Control_Plane_Node_MSMR\"><\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Control <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Plane <\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">Node (<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">MS\/<\/span><span class=\"_fadeIn_m1hgl_8\">MR)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"540\">A control plane node in SD-Access is responsible for maintaining the fabric&#8217;s centralized endpoint-to-location mapping database. It plays a critical role in enabling dynamic discovery and mobility by tracking where each endpoint (identified by its Endpoint Identifier, or EID) is connected within the fabric. Unlike traditional networks where forwarding and control are tightly coupled, SD-Access separates these functions, allowing the control plane node to manage intelligence and mapping while data plane nodes handle traffic forwarding.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"1106\">The control plane node fulfills the function of the LISP Map Resolver (MR) and Map Server (MS). As a Map Server, it receives EID-to-RLOC registration updates from Egress Tunnel Routers (typically edge nodes) and stores them in its mapping database. As a Map Resolver, it responds to Ingress Tunnel Routers (ITRs) when they query for the RLOC associated with a given EID, allowing proper packet forwarding within the fabric. This LISP-based mapping system is essential for enabling fabric-wide endpoint mobility, policy consistency, and scalable traffic management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 data-start=\"2106\" data-end=\"2136\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LISP_Troubleshooting\"><\/span>LISP Troubleshooting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.75rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-code=\"Site01#sh ip lisp\n  Instance ID:                      0\n  Router-lisp ID:                   0\n  Locator table:                    default\n  EID table:                        default\n  Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR):      enabled\n  Egress Tunnel Router (ETR):       enabled\n  Proxy-ITR Router (PITR):          disabled\n  Proxy-ETR Router (PETR):          disabled\n  NAT-traversal Router (NAT-RTR):   disabled\n  Mobility First-Hop Router:        disabled\n  Map Server (MS):                  disabled\n  Map Resolver (MR):                disabled\n  Delegated Database Tree (DDT):    disabled\n  Map-Request source:               derived from EID destination\n  ITR Map-Resolver(s):              100.100.100.100\n  ETR Map-Server(s):                100.100.100.100 (01:26:08)\n  xTR-ID:                           0x6F626F0E-0x7DA69D74-0x836FC96B-0x5549B888\n  site-ID:                          unspecified\n  ITR local RLOC (last resort):     100.64.10.1\n  ITR Solicit Map Request (SMR):    accept and process\n    Max SMRs per map-cache entry:   8 more specifics\n    Multiple SMR suppression time:  20 secs\n  ETR accept mapping data:          disabled, verify disabled\n  ETR map-cache TTL:                1d00h\n  Locator Status Algorithms:\n    RLOC-probe algorithm:           disabled\n    RLOC-probe on route change:     N\/A (periodic probing disabled)\n    RLOC-probe on member change:    disabled\n    LSB reports:                    process\n    IPv4 RLOC minimum mask length:  \/0\n    IPv6 RLOC minimum mask length:  \/0\n  Static mappings configured:       0\n  Map-cache size\/limit:             3\/1000\n  Imported route count\/limit:       0\/1000\n  Map-cache activity check period:  60 secs\n  Map-cache FIB updates:            established\n  Total database mapping size:      2\n    static database size\/limit:     1\/5000\n    dynamic database size\/limit:    0\/1000\n    route-import database size:     0\n    Inactive (deconfig\/away) size:  1\n  Persistent map-cache:             disabled\nSite01#\n\n================================================ \n\n\nSite01#sh ip lisp map-cache\nLISP IPv4 Mapping Cache for EID-table default (IID 0), 3 entries\n\n0.0.0.0\/0, uptime: 01:45:24, expires: never, via static send map-request\n  Negative cache entry, action: send-map-request\n10.0.1.0\/24, uptime: 01:22:27, expires: 22:37:32, via map-reply, self, complete\n  Locator      Uptime    State      Pri\/Wgt\n  100.64.10.1  01:22:27  up, self     1\/50\n10.0.2.0\/24, uptime: 01:10:33, expires: 22:51:10, via map-reply, self, complete\n  Locator      Uptime    State      Pri\/Wgt\n  100.64.20.1  01:08:49  up           1\/50\n\n\n================================================ \n\nSite01#show ip lisp database\nLISP ETR IPv4 Mapping Database for EID-table default (IID 0), LSBs: 0x1\nEntries total 2, no-route 0, inactive 1\n\n10.0.1.0\/24\n  Locator      Pri\/Wgt  Source     State\n  100.64.10.1    1\/50   cfg-addr   site-self, reachable\n10.0.2.0\/24, Inactive, expires: 22:31:39\n\n\n\n================================================ \n\nMSMR#sh lisp site\nLISP Site Registration Information\n* = Some locators are down or unreachable\n# = Some registrations are sourced by reliable transport\n\nSite Name      Last      Up     Who Last             Inst     EID Prefix\n               Register         Registered           ID\nSITE01         01:28:39  yes#   100.64.10.1          0        10.0.1.0\/24\nSITE02         01:10:49  yes#   100.64.20.1          0        10.0.2.0\/24\n\n\n\" style=\"color:#F8F8F2;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M4.5 12.75l6 6 9-13.5\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M16.5 8.25V6a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25-2.25H6A2.25 2.25 0 003.75 6v8.25A2.25 2.25 0 006 16.5h2.25m8.25-8.25H18a2.25 2.25 0 012.25 2.25V18A2.25 2.25 0 0118 20.25h-7.5A2.25 2.25 0 018.25 18v-1.5m8.25-8.25h-6a2.25 2.25 0 00-2.25 2.25v6\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki dracula\" style=\"background-color: #282A36\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Site01#sh ip lisp<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Instance ID:                      <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Router<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">lisp ID:                   <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Locator <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">table<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:                    <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">default<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  EID <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">table<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:                        <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">default<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR):      enabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Egress Tunnel Router (ETR):       enabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Proxy<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">ITR Router (PITR):          disabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Proxy<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">ETR Router (PETR):          disabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  NAT<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">traversal Router (NAT<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">RTR):   disabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Mobility <\/span><span style=\"color: #8BE9FD\">First<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Hop Router:        disabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Map Server (MS):                  disabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Map Resolver (MR):                disabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Delegated Database Tree (DDT):    disabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Request source:               derived <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> EID destination<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  ITR Map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Resolver(s):              <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  ETR Map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Server(s):                <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.100<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">01<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">26<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">08<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  xTR<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">ID:                           0x6F626F0E<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">0x7DA69D74<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">0x836FC96B<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">0x5549B888<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  site<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">ID:                          unspecified<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  ITR local RLOC (<\/span><span style=\"color: #8BE9FD\">last<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> resort):     <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.64<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.1<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  ITR Solicit Map Request (SMR):    accept <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">and<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> process<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #8BE9FD\">Max<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> SMRs per map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-cache<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> entry:   <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> more specifics<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    Multiple SMR suppression time:  <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> secs<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  ETR accept mapping data:          disabled, verify disabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  ETR map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-cache<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> TTL:                1d00h<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Locator Status Algorithms:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    RLOC<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">probe algorithm:           disabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    RLOC<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">probe <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">on<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> route change:     N<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">A (periodic probing disabled)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    RLOC<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">probe <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">on<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> member change:    disabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    LSB reports:                    process<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    IPv4 RLOC minimum mask <\/span><span style=\"color: #8BE9FD\">length<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:  <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    IPv6 RLOC minimum mask <\/span><span style=\"color: #8BE9FD\">length<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:  <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Static mappings configured:       <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-cache<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> size<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/limit<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:             <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1000<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Imported route <\/span><span style=\"color: #8BE9FD\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/limit<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:       <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1000<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-cache<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> activity <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">check<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> period:  <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">60<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> secs<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-cache<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> FIB updates:            established<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Total database mapping size:      <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    static database size<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/limit<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:     <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">5000<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    dynamic database size<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/limit<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:    <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1000<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    route<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">import database size:     <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    Inactive (deconfig<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">away) size:  <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Persistent map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-cache<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:             disabled<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Site01#<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">================================================<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Site01#sh ip lisp map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-cache<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">LISP IPv4 Mapping <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">Cache<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> EID<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-table<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">default<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> (IID <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">), <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> entries<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, uptime: <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">01<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">45<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">24<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, expires: never, via static send map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">request<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Negative <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">cache<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> entry, action: send<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">request<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">24<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, uptime: <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">01<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">22<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">27<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, expires: <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">22<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">37<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">32<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, via map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">reply, self, complete<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Locator      Uptime    State      Pri<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Wgt<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.64<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">01<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">22<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">27<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  up, self     <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">50<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">24<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, uptime: <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">01<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">33<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, expires: <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">22<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">51<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, via map<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">reply, self, complete<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Locator      Uptime    State      Pri<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Wgt<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.64<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">20.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">01<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">08<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">49<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  up           <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">50<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">================================================<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Site01#show ip lisp database<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">LISP ETR IPv4 Mapping Database <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> EID<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-table<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">default<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> (IID <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">), LSBs: 0x1<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Entries total <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, no<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">route <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, inactive <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">24<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  Locator      Pri<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Wgt  Source     State<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.64<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">50<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">   cfg<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">addr   site<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">self, reachable<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">24<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">, Inactive, expires: <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">22<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">31<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">39<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">================================================<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">MSMR#sh lisp site<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">LISP Site Registration Information<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> Some locators are down <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">or<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> unreachable<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"># <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\"> Some registrations are sourced by reliable transport<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">Site <\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #8BE9FD\">Last<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">      Up     Who <\/span><span style=\"color: #8BE9FD\">Last<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">             Inst     EID Prefix<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">               Register         Registered           ID<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">SITE01         <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">01<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">28<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">39<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  yes#   <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.64<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">          <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">1.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">24<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">SITE02         <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">01<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">49<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">  yes#   <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">100.64<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">20.1<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">          <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">10.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #F8F8F2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">2.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #FF79C6\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #BD93F9\">24<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; SD-Access under the hood; Locator\/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) When it comes to Cisco&#8217;s software-defined access (SD-Access), one of the key technologies working behind the scenes is Locator\/ID Separation Protocol (LISP). At first glance, LISP might seem like just another routing protocol, but it plays a much bigger role. It fundamentally changes how network addressing [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3049,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[169,170],"tags":[27,174,173,172,171,87,175,176],"class_list":["post-3230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sda","category-sda-2","tag-cisco","tag-control-plane","tag-lisp","tag-sd-access","tag-sda","tag-sdn","tag-software-defined-access","tag-sofware-defined-networking"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3230"}],"version-history":[{"count":128,"href":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3377,"href":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3230\/revisions\/3377"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.quisted.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}