DMVPN

LAB III ( DMVPN, MGRE, NHRP, EIGRP)

  • Point-to-multipoint layer 3 overlay VPN
  • Logical hub and spoke topology
  • Direct spoke to spoke is support

DMVPN uses a combination of:

  • Multipoint GRE tunnels (mGRE)
  • Next Hop Resolution Protocol ( NHRP )
  • IPsec Crypto Profiles
  • Routing

  • Hub Router:  Reachable via static, public IP address
  • Spoke Router: Reachable via static or dynamic public IP address
  • NHRP:
    • RFC 2332
    • Layer-2 Resolution Protocol and Cache
    • Used in DMVPN to map a peer’s tunnel IP address to that peer’s public address.
    • NHRP can populate the NHRP cache via static or dynamic (like ARP).
    • NHRP uses a registration request packet.
  • Phase-1
    • Hub and spoke only
  • Phase-2
    • Adds spoke-to-spoke capabilty
    • Spoke routers must know all IP Routes of all other Spoke Routes
  • Phase-3
    • Hub allowed to summarize all routes from spokes
    • Sets the next-hop of summarized routes to itself
    • Hub can send NHRP redirect messages to Spokes.

Summary

  • Creates on demand tunnels between nodes
  • Maintains tunnels based on traffic patterns
  • Requires two IGPs: Underlaying and Overlay
    • For public routes
    • For subnets from spokes
  • NHRP messages
    • NHRP Registration Request
      • spokes register their NMBA and VPN IP to NHS
      • Required to build spoke-to-hub tunnels
    • NHRP Resolution Request
      • Spoke queries for the NBMA-to-VPN mappings of other spokes
      • Required to build spoke-to-spoke tunnels
    • NHRP Redirect
      • NHS Answer to a spoke-to-spoke data-plane packet through it
      • Similar to IP redirects when packet in/out interface is the same

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